Overview
The Arduino Mini is a small microcontroller board based on the ATmega168 (datasheet), intended for use on breadboards and when space is at a premium. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 8 analog inputs, and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator. It can be programmed with the Mini USB adapter or other USB or RS232 to TTL serial adapter.
Warning: Don't power the Arduino mini with more than 9 volts, or plug the power in backwards: you'll probably kill it.
Summary
| Microcontroller | ATmega168 |
| Operating Voltage | 5V |
| Input Voltage | 7-9 V |
| Digital I/O Pins | 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) |
| Analog Input Pins | 8 (of which 4 are broken out onto pins) |
| DC Current per I/O Pin | 40 mA |
| Flash Memory | 16 KB (of which 2 KB used by bootloader) |
| SRAM | 1 KB |
| EEPROM | 512 bytes |
| Clock Speed | 16 MHz |
Programming
The Arduino Mini can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). For details, see the reference and tutorials.
To program the Arduino Mini, you will need a Mini USB adapter or other USB or RS232 to TTL serial adapter. See the page on getting started with the Arduino Mini for instructions.
The ATmega168 on the Arduino Mini comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an in-system-programmer. The bootloader communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the ATmega168 with ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming); see the page on bootloading the Mini for information on wiring up an ICSP header to the Mini and the programmer for instructions on using a programmer to upload a sketch.
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Mini can be used as an input or output. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. Pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 can provide PWM output; for details see the analogWrite() function. If anything besides the Mini USB (or other) adapter is connected to pins 0 and 1, it will interfere with the USB communication, preventing new code from being uploaded or other communication with the computer.
The Mini has 8 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). Inputs 0 to 3 are broken out onto pins; input 4 to 7 require soldering into the provided holes. By default the analog inputs measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and some low-level code.
See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega168 ports.
Mini USB Adapter
This board converts a USB connection into 5 volt TX and RX that you can connect straight to the Arduino Mini or other microcontrollers, allowing them to talk to the computer. It is based on the FT232RL chip from FTDI (drivers are included with the Arduino software).
insert Arduino Mini and USB adapter to breadboard, link both of 5V and GND each other:
then link both of RX and TX each other:
At last through one 100nF capacitance, connect DTR of USB adapter and RST of Arduino Mini.
use the signal of DTR to control restoration of Arduino Mini.
then you can download the program to Arduino Mini
